Reversible pump



Dec. 30, 1952 H. E. RAYMON 2,623,472

REVERSIBLE PUMP Filed July 7, 1947 '7 Sheets-Sheet l {FTGA FIG. 2

Dec. 30, 1952 H. E. RAYMOND REVERSIBLE PUMP 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July7, 1947 FIG-5.

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Dec. 30, 1952 H. E. RAYMOND 2,623,472

REVERSIBLE PUMP Filed July '7, 1947 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 SIDI-L Dec. 30,1952 H. E. RAYMOND 2,623,472

REVERSIBLE PUMP Filed July 7, 1947 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed July '7. 1947FIG .12, 49

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REVERSIBLE PUMP H. E. RAYMOND REVERSIBLE PUMP Dec.*30, 1952 7Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July '7, 1947 mk Nk M+ .Edt

Dec. 30, 1952 H. E. RAYMOND 2,623,472

REVERSIBLE PUMP Filed July 7, 1947 Sheets-Sheet 7 sii Patented Dec. 30,195.2

REVERSIBLE PIMP Henri Edgard Raymond, Guissalles par Vindelle, FranceApplication July '7, 1947, Serial No. 759,426

` In France July 11, 1946 (Cl. S-161) 4 Claims.

My present invention has for its object to provide pumps of the typeincluding rotary cylinders adapted for reversible operation.

The pumps according to the invention are mounted within a drive wheelrotated about a xed hollow shaft, and are characterised in that theycomprise in combination cylinders rigid with said wheel, pistons in saidcylinders, a control mechanism for said pistons secured on said fixedshaft, lateral conduits on each cylinder, intake and delivery beingeffected at both ends of said fixed shaft, a partition in said fixedshaft separating the intake from the delivery side thereof andcooperating with ports formed in said fixed shaft, before which portsthe outlets of said lateral cylinder conduits are adapted to ride as thedevice is rotated.

In one specific embodiment, my apparatus comprises a double pistonreciprocable in a double cylinder forming the body of the pump eitherthrough a partial pinion and rack member, or through a, roller mountedon a connecting rod. The above assembly is secured on a rotatableelement adapted to form both a fly-wheel and a, drive sheave.

The pump thus formed does not include any seal joint or any specialvalve means, this making for a simplified construction and facilitatingmounting and dismantling operations. The pump is of a reversiblecharacter, that is, by reversing the direction of rotation of theflywheel the suction and delivery functions are reversed. 1t istherefore adapted also to operate as a prime mover operated by pressurefluid, by reversing either the feed supply or the direction of rotationof the device.

In another embodiment, the rotor comprises two pump barrels displaced 90from each other around the axis of rotation thereof and having differentdiameters, the delivery of one pump barrel being made to supply theintake of the other one, both pump barrels being rotated in unison abouta fixed axis.

In this way, two stage expansion or compression may be realized.

According to another embodiment, cylinders in a number greater than orequal to three are mounted in radial formation upon a casing or sumpcontaining lubricating oil and accommodating the piston drive mechanism.

The above arrangement provides for continuity in the action of the groupand a more efficient balancing of the reactions around the axis ofrotation.

The wheel supporting the pump cylinders may serve the part both of adrive Wheel and a y wheel. It may also constitute a vehicle Wheel, moreparticularly for a tractor, or a bladed or varied wheel.

The characteristic features, objects and advantages of the inventionwill appear from the ensuing disclosure relating to various embodimentsof the invention, in reference with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the Dump;

Fig. 2 is a transverse cross section on line II-II of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section on line III- III of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is another fragmentary section on line IV-V of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a transverse cross section of a modification.

Fig. 6 is a cross section on line VI-VI of Fig. 5.

Fig. '7 shows another embodiment in longitudinal cross section on lineVII-VII of Fig. 8.

Fig. 8 is a transverse cross section on line VIII- VIII of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 shows another modified embodiment in longitudinal section on lineIX-IX of Fig. 10.

Fig. 10 is a transverse cross section on line X-X of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 illustrates another modified construction in longitudinalsection on line Xl-XI of Fig. 12.

Fig. 12 is a section on line XII-XII of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 shows another embodiment in 1ongtudinal section on line XIII-XIII of Fig. 14.

Fig. 14 is a transverse cross section on line XIV--XIV of Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 shows another embodiment in longitudinal section on line XV--XVof Fig. 16.

Fig. 16 is a transverse cross section on line XVI-XVI of Fig. 15.

Now referring to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the pumpessentially comprises a cylinder I in which is reciprocable a doublepiston 2. Within said piston there is provided a double rack member 3 3.Upon the cylinder there is mounted a lateral conduit 4 communicatingwith the cylinder l at both ends thereof.

Both ends of cylinder l are blocked by means of screws 5 on the ends ofarms 6 of T-shaped cross section; said arms 6 are connected with acircular element 1. The part 'I forms a drive sheave for the pump. Theassembly 6--1 forms a drive ily-wheel.

The pump l-Z and fly wheel 6-1 are mounted on the tubular fixed shaft 8mounted in two supports 9 and I0. Said tubular shaft is adapted toprovide an intake for the pump through its right end II (Fig. 1) whichis provided with a threaded portion to receive a suitable union. It alsoserves for delivery through its left hand end I2 also provided with athreaded portion adaptn ed to receive a suitable union.

The shaft 8 is formed towards its center point, where it extends throughthe cylinder i, with a conical portion I3 and in particular two conicalbearing surfaces I4 and I5. A ball thrust bearing I6 is provided for`the positioning of the rotary cylinder on the bearings I4 and I5. Uponthe portion I3 there is provided a partial gear I 'I.

The shaft 8 is formed opposite to the conduit 4 with two facing ports I8and I respectively at its top and bottom (Fig. 3). Between both ports IBand I9 there is arranged within the tuv bular shaft 8 an obliquelyextending partition or septum 2U. As a result of the provision of thisseptum, the aperture I9 and consequently the conduit l! as it passes infront of said aperture is placed in communication with the suction endII of the pump. Similarly the aperture lf3 communicates with thedelivery end and connects the latter with the conduit i as said conduitpasses in front of the aperture I8.

The fly-wheel or sheave 'I may be supported, apart from the oppositearms (i, by means of auxiliary arms such as 22 provided in any suitablenumber (Fig. 4). The ball thrust bearing I6 may b-e blocked in positionby means of set screws 2I engaging the flange of the T-shaped arms 6.

The pump assembly is driven in rotation through the fiy wheel sheave 'Iin the direction of the arrow (Fig. 2). VIn this rotation about thefixed shaft 8, the rack teeth 3 mesh with the teeth Il fixed on theshaftr. The piston 2 travels in one direction within the cylinder. Asthe second set of teeth 3 engages the partial gear Il', the piston ismovedl in the opposite direction. In this way, successive suction anddelivery phases are created at both ends of the cylinder I. Since saidcylinder ends communicate vwith the conduits VLl, as the latter comeinto registry with the ports I8 and I 9 of the shaft 8, intake anddelivery are produced as diagrammatically indicated by the arrows (Fig.1). This result is obtained without theuse of any special means such asvalves and simply as a result of the provision of the septum 2Useparating the intake from the delivery end in the fixed tubular shaft.

The septum 2U, as shown in Fig. 3 is so conformed that communication ofthe conduits li with both parts of the hollow shaft 8 is effective untilthe pistons have reached the end of their stroke, at which timecommunication is cut off between the intake and the delivery ends.

By reversing the direction of rotation, the relative positions of theintake and delivery are reversed. A similar result could be obtained bymaintaining the pump barrel stationary and rotating the shaft 8.

A modified embodiment is illustrated in Figs: and 6. In thismodification there are also provided the pump barrel I with the doublepiston 2 mounted on the fixed tubular shaft 3, wherein the suction anddelivery sections are separated by the oblique septum 28. Rather thanbeing driven through the rack members 3, 3' and the partial gear I'I,the piston 2 is herein driven through a '4 roller 2| mounted on 'theconnecting rod 22 rigid with the shaft 8 and consequently fixed.

Within the piston 2 grooves 23-24 are formed wherein the roller 2lrides; as the assembly I2 driven from the iiy-wheel or sheave 3 1 isrotated about its axis (or vice versa), the fixed roller 2i causesreciprocation ofthe piston 2. The latter cooperating with the sideconduit 4 and the tubular shaft 3 successively produces at both sides ofthe piston 2 suction and discharge, as indicated previously, it beingpossible moreover to reverse said effects by reversing the drection ofrotation.

In order to increase the total stroke of the piston it is simplynecessary to increase the spacing of the axis of roller 2I from the axisof the shaft 8. For that purpose, there may be provided centrally of thecylinder I a recess 25 of suitable depth accommodating passage for saidroller 2l. In this arrangement, the cylinder I is supplemented with anelement 23 secured in'any suitable manner such as by screwing orwelding.

With the arrangement described, it will be seen that the pump operateswithout theuse of valves and does not require the employment of anysealed joint, whereby its construction, 4and the mounting anddismantling of the pump are simplified.

According to an embodiment illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 a pump barrelIt@ similar tothe one shown in Figs. 1 or 5 is mounted on a shaft t3 andis held within a rotary element 33 forming both a fly wheel and a drivesheave, by means of four adjustable set screws 363 and nuts 35. Saidscrews are housed in the vtubular portions 33 formed in the armature ofthe fly wheel 33 and arranged in the transverse and longitudinal axes ofthe pump. Said screws are maintained through the medium of a projection3i engaging a recess 38 formed in the screw so as to prevent the screwfrom rotating while causing it to slide in the tubular portion of thefly wheel.

Such mounting while simplifying the construction of the iiy wheel makesit possible to reduce the length of the shaft S which as before isrested on the supports 9 and lil arranged at both sides of the iiywheel.

The double piston I @I is driven in this embodiment by a heart shapedcam'member |32 fixed on grooves |33 provided on the tubular shaft 8.With this cam are engaged rollers Imi supported by links |35 disposedwithinv the piston. Bosses I are provided on both sides of the cylinder.in order to permit the movements around the cam. v

The preceding description was concerned with a pump having a single pumpbarrel.` It lwill be obvious that the arrangement of the invention maybe applied to pumps having multiple cylinders. That is, it is possibletouse two twin parallel pump barrels for instance mounted on a commonshaft with a common intake and delivery pipe.

According to an embodiment diagrammatically illustrated in Figs. 9 and10 the rotor comprises two pump barrels 33 and it of different diametersand displaced from each other. Eachbarrel is mounted on a respectiveshaft element il and 42, b-oth said elements being rigidlyinterconnected by means of a threaded ring 43.

Each of said elements is provided with a septum (Illa and 42a) similarto the septum 20 shown in Figs. 1 and 3 and both elementscooperateinsuch a way that the delivery end ofv one pump supplies the suction endof the other.

Each pump barrel is maintained fixed by means of four adjustable setscrews 34 identical with those shown in Fig. 7. Said screws are housedwithin two disks: a disk 44 for the pump barrel 39 and a disk l5 for thepump barrel di); the screws are slidable in said disks by means of aprojection 3l accommodated in a recess 3d formed in each disk. Saiddisks are arranged and supported on both sides of a driving fly wheel 46by means of rods M threaded at one end thereof, to receive a nut 48 thepurpose of which is to maintain a rigid and adjustable spacing betweenthe disks S4 and d5.

The drive mechanism of the double pistons as I It is similar within eachpump barrel to that described in reference to Figures 1 to 4, with thesole difference that the partial gear lll on shaft i2 comprises onlythree teeth instead of five.

According to another embodiment, shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the pumpcomprises within a wheel or drum as four cylinders, namely twooppositely disposed cylinders i] and two cylinders 5| also oppositelydisposed, of larger diameter, mounted in radial relationship on a casing52 containing lubricating oil and housing the piston driving mechanismwhich comprises a heart-shaped cam 53 made rigid through a key 54 withthe fixed tubular shaft extending from the suction inlet 55 to thedelivery outlet 5E (the functions of said inlet and said outlet may bereversed). Connecting links 5?, 525 engaging through follower rollerssuch as 59, the cam 53, respectively actuate the pistons t2 and t3 andthe opposite links are interconnected through fork members til, lilslidable on the shaft 55-55.

The side conduits of the cylinder 5d are tightly interconnected with theextensions @d on the external face of the casing 52 and communicate at adesired instant with the distributing ports formed in the hollow shaftand separated by an oblique septum 65.

Similar conduits not visible in the drawings extend from the cylinder 5lto terminate at similar distributing ports separated by an obliqueseptum 66.

The pair of cylinders 5i! operate in series with the pairs of cylinders5l, the pair of cylinders 5B of small capacity being made for example toproduce a rst expansion step and the pair of larger capacity cylinders5l providing for a second expansion step, or vice versa in compres sion.

It is clear that both groups of cylinders respec tively providing forboth compression or expansion stages, rather than comprising twocylinders, could be made each to include, in the radial dispositionshown, any desired number of pairs of cylinders. The cylinders operatingthe first stage will generally be of a different diameter from thecylinders operating the second stage, and the opposite pairs of thefirst mentioned cylinders will be provided in alternate relationshipwith the opposite pairs of the second mentioned cylinders along theperiphery of the rotor. The side conduit of the cylinders of the rst setwill ride in front of the related distributing ports associated with afirst oblique septum such as the septum 65 of Fig. 12, and the sideconduits of the cylinders in the second set will ride in front of asecond oblique septum such as 6B in Fig. 12.

The radial arrangement makes it possible to multiply, as well known inthe art, the number of cylinders without any particular difficulty beingencountered. There has therefore been shown in Figs. 13 and 14 amodification of the pump according to the invention which comprises sixradially disposed cylinders but which in this case operate in only onecompression or expansion stage.

Six identical cylinders Iii are associated with y the casing ll and aremade rigid with the wheel rim 'i3 by means of projections '22. Said rimis in the example shown provided with a mounting 'i4 adapted to receivea penumatic tyre.

The control mechanism comprises an eccenter plate 15 splined on theshait 'la carrying balls H on which is rotatable an annulus 13 aroundwhich are pivoted the connecting rods I9 leading to the pistons in thecylinders '10.

Another modification as shown in Figs. 15 and 16 comprises a group ofcylinders @I mounted in radial formation and secured at their top end toa rim E62 by means of staples 83, the lower ends of the cylinders beingsecured on a casing 8d housing the drive mechanism which includes a camd5 formed of two juxtaposed heart shaped disks and formed in theirinternal face with cam-ways or grooves 36 in which ride rollers 8'!carrying the connecting rods 88 secured to the pistons Rollers Si) aremounted on the casing at the base of the cylinders with the purpose ofguiding the connecting rods in their reciprocation.

The rim 82 may be subdivided into two parts interconnected by means ofconnecting bolts 9|. Between each pair of adjacent cylinders, amounting' at rovided with staples is secured on the casing to impartgreater rigidity to the assembly.

The radial arrangement of the cylinders has the advantage of ensuringcontinuity in operation and improved balance, both said advantages beingenhanced as the number of cylinders is increased. In the case of singlestage expansion (or suction) three pistons may suffice to ensurecontinuity in operation; in the case of expansion (or suction) in twostages the minimum number of the cylinders will obviously be equal tofour.

In a great number of applications of the ap paratus, the radialarrangement of the cylinders comprising the engine unit appears to beideal for the construction of a drive wheel. This is so because it maythen be mounted either in a rim with or without the provision ofpneumatic tyres as shown in Figs. 13 and 1li, or in a gear adapted tocontrol pinions or racks or further the cylinder base may be providedwith staples, for instance in the case of tractors as shown in Figs. 15and 16 or further with vanes as required in navigation or propellerblades for use in aircraft.

My invention shows substantial advantages for driving any vehicle orstructure movable in a fluid and wherein the operating torque isirregular: such as a vehicle, driving on a. road including ups anddowns, boats sailing in navigation channels having an irregular course,and the like, or else for vehicles the driving schedule of whichincludes a great many stops and starts: such as subways, taxis,elevators and the like.

It will of course be understood that the abovedescribed and illustratedembodiments and the applications specifically listed have been merelygiven by way of example since my apparatus is adapted to a number ofother uses such in particular as servo-motors for hydraulic control,wind engines and the like, Without exceeding the scope of the invention.

asesina vbular'ixed shaft, a wheel driven in rotation about rsaid shaft,a reversible rotary pump mounted in said Wheel, said pump comprisingincombinationy two sets of cylinders, both sets including an equalnumber of cylinders disposed in radial formaw' tion inV said wheel andrigid therewith, the cylinders of a iirst one of-said sets beingarrangedto alternatewith those of the other set along the periphery of saidwheel, a drive mechanism for j said pistons :including cam means securedon said shaft and adaptedto actuatesaidpistons on the radially innerfaces thereof, a casing surrounding VVsaid drive mechanism, a sideconduit on each cylinder having its radially outer end opening in anaperture formed inV the radially outer end of a related cylinder, theside conduits of the said rrst set of cylinders Vextending on a face ofsaid casing and the sideconduits of said second set of cylinders beingarranged on the other side face of said casing, an oblique septum insaid fixed shaft cooperating with a first pair of diametrically opposedapertures in front of which apertures the side conduits of said ilrstset of cylinders are adapted to ride, a second oblique septumcooperating with a second pair of diametrically opposed apertures oset90 from the first said pair in front of which apertures the sideconduits of said second set of cylinders are adapted to ride, intake anddelivery being respectively effected at respective ends of said xedshaft, both groups of cylinders being serially operated in twosuccessive stages. Y

2.' A reversible rotary pump comprising ashaft, a rotor block rotatableon said shaft, at least one pair of diametrically opposed cylindersrigid with said rotor block, pistons in said cylinders, means forrigidly interconnecting each pair of opposed pistons, a drive'mechanismfor said pistons including a cam xed on said shaft, intake and dischargemeans for said cylinders, said interconnecting means between each pairof opposed pistons comprising a yoke with two branches passing laterallyalong each side of said cam means, said branches being slotted `in orderto permit the sliding with respect to said shaft during the rotation ofsaid rotor, and two rolling cam follower means journalled at both endsof said yoke.

` 3. A reversible rotary pump 'comprising avs'haft,

f a rotor block rotatable on said shaft, atleast two Apairs ofdiametrically'opposed cylinders rigid with said Vrotor block, pistons insaid cylinders, means for rigidly interconnecting each pair of Ydiametrically opposed pistons, a drive mechanism for said pistonsincluding a Vcam fixed* on said shaft, intake and discharge means forsaid cylinders, said interconnecting meansl betweenfeach pair of opposedpistons comprising a yoke with two branches, vthe branches ofthe yokeVinterconnecting the pistons of a iirst'pairof cylinders being adjacentrespectively to the sidefaces of said cam, the branches of the yokeinterconnecting the pistons of a second pair of cylinders passing out ofthe path vof travel of the branches of the rst said yoke.

4. In a reversible pump of the kind described, a drive mechanismcomprising a tubular shaft, cam means rigid with said shaft andarplurality of mutually imbricated yokes around said `cam means, eachyoke having two branches, the branches of said yokesbeing slotted forsliding on said shaft, a rst one of said yokes having its branchessliding along and adjacent the side faces of said cam means, a secondyoke, sliding out of the path of travel of the first yoke and adjacentthe branches of said first yoke, and rollingr cam follower meansjournalled withinfand at both ends of each said yoke.

HENRI EDGARD RAYMOND.

REFERENCES CITED `The following references are ofreoord'in'the ile ofthis patent:

UNITED sTATEs PATENTS Number Name Date 1,023,685 Ruwell 2 Apr. 16, 19121,193,283 Maw \v -v Aug. '1, 1916 1,370,290 Crofton Mar. 1, 19211,466,230 Johnson Aug. 28, 1923 1,641,509 Stewart Sept. 6, 19272,208,568 BenedekY July 23, 1940 l2,336,996 McDonough Dec. 14, '1943FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 4,734 Great Britain 1-; 1878 9,6218Great Britain .f; 1901

